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#1

‘X’ is a social problem. Which of the following research questions is written from a social constructionist perspective?

  1. What harm do people suffer as a result of X?
  2. Who or what causes X?
  3. When did policymakers begin to pay increased attention to X?
  4. What policy responses could be introduced to reduce X?
#2

Societal actors who try to get a certain condition recognised as a social problem are known as:

  1. Problem-makers
  2. Claims-makers
  3. Problem-claimers
  4. Problem-constructors
#3

What was the main reason for the growth of the middle class in Western societies after 1945?

  1. Rebuilding Europe after World War II
  2. The Industrial Revolution
  3. The growth of the welfare state
  4. The rapid expansion of the automobile industry
#4

Peter Townsend pioneered the research of:

  1. Absolute poverty
  2. Relative poverty
  3. Income inequality
  4. Social class
#5

‘Separation of powers’ means that:

  1. Nations possess self-determination
  2. The executive cannot dominate; its powers are limited by the legislature and judiciary
  3. There is genuine electoral competition
  4. There are rival factions within a political elite
#6

Which of the following statements is FALSE:

  1. All liberal democracies are electoral democracies
  2. All electoral democracies are liberal democracies
  3. Modern representative democracy uses multi-party elections
  4. Freedom of speech is an essential element of liberal democracy
#7

Which type of regime seeks to control all aspects of public and private life?

  1. Liberal democracy
  2. Authoritarian
  3. Totalitarian
  4. Electoral autocracy
#8

Which of the following would be considered part of the informal organization of a political regime?

  1. The constitution
  2. Electoral law
  3. Political institutions
  4. Political behaviour
#9

The Gini coefficient is a measure of:

  1. Socio-economic class
  2. Poverty
  3. Income inequality
  4. Social exclusion
#10

Intimate partner violence refers to violence between:

  1. Married wives
  2. Mothers and sons
  3. Siblings
  4. Current or former romantic partners
#11

IPV is a type of abuse that takes place between:

  1. Partners in a sexual relationship
  2. Parent and children
  3. Teachers and schoolchildren
  4. Employers and employees
#12

Which of the following is part of the horizontal dimension of power in a political regime?

  1. Civil liberties
  2. Freedom of the press
  3. Freedom of assembly
  4. Separation of powers
#13

Whose book was called The Revenge of the Past?

  1. Alena Ledeneva
  2. Benedict Anderson
  3. Ernest Gellner
  4. Ronald Grigor Suny
#14

Which of the following is NOT a form of coercive control:

  1. Isolating the victim
  2. Belittling or humiliating the victim
  3. Neglecting the victim
  4. Telling the victim what clothes they can wear
#15

A nation-state’s external sovereignty depends on:

  1. Recognition of it by other states in the international community
  2. The size of its army
  3. Acceptance of the regime’s legitimacy by its own citizens
  4. The absence of systemic political corruption
#16

Stanley Milgram’s psychological experiments were designed to test:

  1. Whether people would learn more quickly if punished
  2. To what extent people would cause pain to others if paid for it
  3. To what extent people enjoyed causing pain to others
  4. To what extent people would obey authority figures
#17

Male authority and control over women being considered socially acceptable is known as:

  1. Patriarchal norms
  2. Matriarchal norms
  3. Gender-based violence
  4. Domestic violence
#18

How does Polity IV classify political regimes?

  1. -10 (full autocracy) to +10 (full democracy)
  2. 0 to 100
  3. 1 to 5
  4. A to F grades
#19

According to Levitsky and Way, what is one of the main challenges to Fukuyama’s ‘end of history’ thesis?

  1. The persistence of stable authoritarian regimes challenges the idea of a universal trajectory
  2. Democratic regimes are universally converging towards authoritarianism
  3. All regimes are rapidly transitioning to liberal democracies
  4. Political systems are increasingly becoming more similar across the globe
#20

John Spector and Malcolm Kitsuse theorised the nature of:

  1. Political regimes
  2. Sovereignty
  3. Corruption
  4. Social problems
#21

A civil society organisation that aims to influence government policy is known as:

  1. A pressure group
  2. An influence group
  3. A power group
  4. A control group
#22

What is a common criticism of corruption indices regarding their methodology?

  1. They contain too much detail
  2. There is a lack of transparency in how the scores are calculated
  3. They do not allow comparisons between countries
  4. Many countries are not included
#23

When Francis Fukuyama referred to the ‘end of history’, he meant that:

  1. The world will eventually be destroyed by nuclear war
  2. History has become unfashionable as an academic discipline
  3. Liberal democracy is the final form of government for all nations
  4. Fewer and fewer people are living under democratic regimes
#24

Manipulating someone such that they begin to question their own perception of reality is called:

  1. Neglect
  2. Stalking
  3. Elopement
  4. Gaslighting
#25

In the context of gift-giving, ‘instrumentality’ means giving a gift because:

  1. You want to show the other person respect
  2. You want to make the other person happy
  3. You want the other person to do something for you in return
  4. It is a cultural norm in this situation
#26

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Max Weber’s ideal-type bureaucracy?

  1. Formal hierarchy
  2. Clearly-defined rules and procedures
  3. Promotion is on the basis of personal connections
  4. Clear distinction between public and private spheres
#27

The Watergate scandal in the USA brought about the resignation of which president?

  1. John F. Kennedy
  2. Richard Nixon
  3. Bill Clinton
  4. Donald Trump
#28

The Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of:

  1. Inflation
  2. Poverty
  3. Income inequality
  4. Social mobility
#29

Abusing one’s power to obtain money from someone using threats or intimidation is known as:

  1. Bribery
  2. Embezzlement
  3. Displacement of responsibility
  4. Extortion
#30

The right for people to gather peacefully in public spaces to express opinions or protest is known as:

  1. Freedom of speech
  2. Freedom of the press
  3. Freedom of association
  4. Freedom of assembly
#31

‘Imagined communities’ represents a constructionist view of:

  1. Political regimes
  2. Nations
  3. Civil society organisations
  4. Social problems
#32

Sociolismo in Cuba was an example of:

  1. Social exclusion
  2. An economy of favours
  3. Kleptocracy
  4. Civic nationalism
#33

What type of civil society does China have?

  1. Only the legal conception
  2. Only the sociological conception
  3. Both the legal conception and the sociological conception
  4. Neither the legal nor the sociological conception
#34

What is a primary characteristic of grassroots movements?

  1. They operate with hierarchical leadership
  2. They rely on spontaneous support from ordinary individuals
  3. They focus on insider lobbying
  4. They campaign on environmental matters
#35

Which psychological theory states that people repeat behaviours they saw or experienced as a child?

  1. Social learning theory
  2. Cognitive dissonance theory
  3. Social identity theory
  4. Moral disengagement theory
#36

In liberal democracies, the phrase ‘free, fair and meaningful’ is used to describe ideal:

  1. Civil society
  2. Civil liberties
  3. Elections
  4. Bureaucracies
#37

Which of the following is NOT an example of a liberal institution?

  1. The rule of law
  2. The separation of powers
  3. Martial law
  4. Private property rights
#38

Endemic corruption means:

  1. Corruption involving powerful players and large sums of money
  2. Corruption involving people in low-level positions and small sums
  3. Corruption that can be morally justified
  4. Corruption that exists throughout the whole system
#39

The V-Dem Institute publishes data on:

  1. Political regimes
  2. Poverty
  3. Domestic violence
  4. Corruption
#40

Mr A promises that, in return for Mr B paying him money, he can arrange for Mr B to meet with a powerful politician. This is an example of:

  1. Extortion
  2. Influence-peddling
  3. Embezzlement
  4. Fraud